Análisis del rol de la vitamina C como agente antioxidante en pacientes con enfermedad periodontal
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La enfermedad periodontal (EP) ha sido uno de los hitos de salud pública a nivel mundial más preocupantes a lo largo de la historia. Esta enfermedad, ha sido considerada tradicionalmente como una patología inflamatoria, crónica de origen multifactorial, que tiene como factor etiológico primario una biopelícula de origen bacteriano altamente organizada en un nicho ecológico. La periodontitis es una enfermedad compleja con múltiples componentes, algunas con base en la genética, algunas causadas por influencias epigenéticas y otras que son modificables porque se relacionan con los comportamientos del paciente, medicamentos o factores ambientales como hábitos toxicológicos; incluso alimentarios o nutricionales, puesto que la simple presencia del microorganismo no es suficiente para causar la enfermedad per se. La periodontitis podría estar asociada con una defensa antioxidante local reducida y sugirieron que los niveles sistémicos y locales de TAOC (método de la evaluación de la capacidad antioxidante total) en ChP podrían reflejar una mayor actividad de radicales de oxígeno durante la inflamación periodontal y pueden restaurarse a los niveles de control del sujeto mediante una terapia no quirúrgica exitosa. La vitamina C ayuda en la actividad bactericida de PMN y monocitos/macrófagos, proporcionando una síntesis mejorada de óxido nítrico. En la actualidad, no hay estudios disponibles sobre el almacenamiento intracelular de vitamina C en leucocitos de pacientes con periodontitis. Siempre que la vitamina C juegue un rol protector para el desarrollo y/o severidad de la enfermedad periodontal como se sugiere en la literatura, se puede plantear la hipótesis de que su concentración en plasma, PMN y células mononucleares de sangre periférica.
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