Trauma diafragmático
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Las lesiones del diafragma ponen a prueba al cirujano que las encara, pues algunas son tan sutiles que pasan inadvertidas. La falta de signos y síntomas específicos y la común asociación con lesiones más graves y dramáticas son causa que pasen por alto con frecuencia, lo cual conlleva una repercusión muy importante en la morbimortalidad.
La percepción epidemiológica general es que son una condición infrecuente, reportándose una incidencia de 0.8 a 8 % en los casos de trauma toracoabdominal.
Dos terceras partes de los casos de trauma diafragmático obedecen a mecanismos penetrantes, mientras que el trauma contuso solo causa 33 % de los mismos. La mayoría de las lesiones se encuentran en el lado derecho, 25 % de las mismas en el lado izquierdo y en 5 % de las víctimas, hay traumatismos en ambos hemidiafragmas. En las víctimas de trauma contuso de alta transmisiónde energía que presentan lesión del diafragma, el hemidiafragma izquierdo se afecta en 90 % de las ocasiones.
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