El género Aeromonas como patógeno humano
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Resumen
Las Aeromonas son bacilos gramnegativos, facultativos, anaeróbicos, no formador de esporas, que crecen en ambientes húmedos, agua fresca alcalina, leche, cremas y vegetales. La emergencia de microorganismos como las Aeromonas ha per- mitido ampliar el conocimiento de los aspectos de virulencia, patogenicidad, biología molecular y epidemiología microbia- na. Las evidencias que relaciona a este género con enfermedad gastrointestinal datan de la década de 1980 y se ha informado que causan infecciones en heridas expuestas a agua dulce o de heridas tratadas con sanguijuelas luego de cirugías y sepsis en personas inmunodeficientes. Los mecanismos de infección pro- puestos son: ingestión, aspiración o contacto con aguas conta- minadas. Existen reportes de meningitis, colangitis supurativa aguda y septicemia en la literatura. Las especies A. cavie, A. hydrophi/a y A. sobria son las que se asocian a infecciones humanas. El tratamiento de la infección por Aeromonas no esta estandarizado. La cefotaxima es la más activa y la cefuroxima es útil en 90% de los casos.
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